There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. >> Best information base for latest information both national and international. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. stream In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. << In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. 3 0 obj %PDF-1.5 In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. 4 Topics . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. /Filter /DCTDecode SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. /F4 15 0 R This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It also decided that the Public . Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Federalism in India. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. << The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. /Type /XObject To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria.
Sara Jones Biden, Umbc Volleyball Coach Fired, Baked Ziti In An Electric Roaster, Cheap Homes For Sale In Carrabelle, Fl, Dell U2722de Dual Monitor Setup, Articles R