As we near Plutos shift from Capricorn into Aquarius, what do we see in the zeitgeist, the spirit of the times, which speaks to the archetypal nature of Capricorn? The French Revolution is an event timed with Pluto's last tour of Aquarius. Imbolc Beauty Rituals Spring Clean During Aquarius Season! See https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/03/opinion/baby-boomers-gen-x-us-politics.html, Why Are We Still Governed by Baby Boomers and the Remarkably Old? In Britain, the Houses of Lords and Commons were founded and parliament gained the right of taxation. Its time for us to figure out what it means to be human and how to live together on this planet without fighting over everything. See https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/26/theater/lois-smith-wins-tony-award.html, Lois Smith is the oldest performer to win a Tony. 23. I track things that interest me so I've added to the topic since. Listen for your rising sign, most acc. Continuing this theme and going deeper into the Saturnian nature of Capricorn and its hold throughout the globe, on February 23, 2021, Shanna Swan, PhD, published her book Count Down: How Our Modern World is Threatening Sperm Counts, Altering Male and Female Reproductive Development, and Imperiling the Future of the Human Race. Pluto only gets back round to the same sign every 230 to 240 years so it is significant. Taken from this issue: Mobs of people (Aquarius) projected their repressions (Pluto) back upon those in power. 1781: The city of Los Angeles is founded by Spanish settlers. He also standardised the imperial weights and measures in 1305, although they were continuously tweaked after that. 01 Mar 2023 06:34:13 Woven throughout the culture we see the Old Man, old age, the Father figure, the Senex. What might this have to do with Pluto in Aquarius? Perhaps well see a revolution in politics with new parties that represent the people rather than the ruling classes. The Old Man currently dominates the scene, and yet with Pluto in Capricorn, Saturn in Aquarius, and Neptune in Pisces powerful planets inhabiting the watery part of the sky the revitalizing Water of Life of the imagination is never far away. The French Revolution is an event timed with Plutos last tour of Aquarius. Real change is archetypal change, at the archetypal level. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melencolia_I, Melancolia I. While the reality of what Pluto in Aquarius will look like remains to be seen, intimations of its ingress currently percolate in our collective and personal lives via Saturns presence in Aquarius. The last time Pluto move through Aquarius was: We might say the 1780s and 90s best reveal the events of this time. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_(film), 13th (film). The power of celebrity deepened when Pluto moved through Leo. Youre always in arrears because the cost is projected into the future. In the early 1780's Massachusetts abolished slavery. If we go back to Hillmans understanding of archetypes as the roots of the soul governing the perspectives we have of ourselves and the world, and we hear again the question posed in the New York Times (Why Are We Still Governed by the Remarkably Old?), we now hear an archetypal question. Jan 20, 2024 at 7:50 PM Pluto enters Aquarius. No more humans. Rather, we encounter a motif as old as time, in fact older than time. He converted to Christianity in 312 and was involved in the Edict of Milan in 313 which established religious tolerance for Christians in the Empire. Again in Capricorn to end industry there, Pluto might reduce the closing chords that also stay the archaic patriarchal feudalism in position. (26). Or using technology to mimic capacities we have naturally, such as telepathy and empathy. In 1543, however, this was rather extraordinary! This was when William Blake enrolled as a student with the Royal Academy of Arts at Somerset House in London. . Fortunately the Great Awakening is going to take down the, Great Reset. These are big questions and they require bigger answers than were currently giving them. The meaning of life isnt to be found in the latest app or overblown promises about our shiny new future in the stars. Rummage in thearchives hereor exploremy books. It will then retrograde into Capricorn, before re-entering Aquarius on January 21 2024. As pointed out earlier in this article, certain dynamics the presence of the Old Man, for example, and fertility issues are reminiscent of fairy tales. And it was inspired in part by the French Revolution, especially by the Jacobins, who insisted that the enslaved people in Saint Domingue/Ayiti be freed. Along with the Old Man, it is again as if out of a fairy tale: the king has gotten old, dried up, wrinkled, desiccated, needing the Water of Life for renewal and revivification. Any threat to the kings power be it a person or even a book could simply be thrown into the murky prison filled with bones and rats. 1787: Freed slaves from London establish Freetown in present-day Sierra Leone new communities set-up. More here: Aquarius Myths. We have too much faith in technology and believe it can solve all our problems and save us from ourselves. As I've said Aquarius is very revolutionary energy and it doesn't put up with or abuses of power, authority or idiocy. I also like late August 1779 (to September 1780), when Neptune and Jupiter were in Libra, trine Pluto in Aquarius. Thank you! See https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/antidepressants-market-105017, Antidepressants Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis. Center cannot hold: Background image by Bronisaw Drka, Pluto by Peter Lomas, Aquarius glyph by Tanya, all via Pixabay. 17891799: French Revolution, andThe Lige Revolution, sometimes known as the Happy Revolution, and The Brabant Revolution. Humanity currently stands at one of the most significant transformational turning points in its long history. On January 21, 2024, Pluto will set up shop in Aquarius, uninterrupted, for a. For our purposes, what archetypal dynamics can we see within the French Revolution that help us understand Pluto in Aquarius? , Your email address will not be published. It's worth noting that both Pluto and Aquarius have "fixed" attributes. Personally, I think the last 20 years has been the worst in my entire life. (23) Again, we meet Saturn, the ruler of lead. Where must lightening strike (Aquarius rules electricity) in order to accomplish this? The Pluto in Aquarius period of 1777-1798 also embraced the French Revolution (1789-1799), hence the theme of Aquarian ruler Uranus dominates - revolution, rebellion, reform and radical action. But it wont last long. While Pluto flirts with Aquarius in 2023, it won't be consistently in the sign until late 2024. Read this article on the military roots of the internet for more: The Secret History of Silicon Valley. It is the same with Saturn. Saturn may rule prisons, but Aquarius rules wells. Pluto in Aquarius in a nutshell: Style:Original and independent; Top qualities:Adaptable, relaxed and eager; Challenges:Extremist and undecided; Advice:Beware of compulsive behaviors; Celebrities:Arthur Schopenhauer, Franz Schubert, Miguel de Cervantes, Stendhal. "Astrologer Patrick Watson notes that Pluto's last turn in Aquarius (1778-1798) resulted in sweeping changes in social order and public rightsnotably: the ratification of the American constitution, the industrial revolution, the Enlightenment, the publication of the pioneering work Defense of women's rights, followed by some . (10), On June 16, 2022, a television show called, One prominent wall, of course, is the wall begun in 2017 by then-president Donald Trump, between the southern border of the US and Mexico. Saturn shows himself yet again as a significant figure looming in the backdrop of our culture via the presence of walls and prisons: All of these pieces put together seem to constellate in a much larger image not unlike Albrecht Drers Melencolia I engraving, (22) in which the contemplative, winged figure of Melancholy sits staring into space, with her chin in one palm, wings closed behind her (she is going nowhere anytime soon), having reached a limit, unable to go any further until she has given her situation much thought and consideration. What can we expect during this period? The final time Pluto was in Aquarius was between 1777 and 1798. Itll shake itself apart and implode under the weight of its own madness and inherent contradictions. Pluto moves into Aquarius in 2023 staying till 2044. Her response? Aquarius rules the 11th house which is a very different energy. 7. Pluto in Aquarius Opportunities Challenges On March 23 rd, 2023, a major cosmic gear change is happening. Pluto's ingress into Aquarius is a generational shift with profound manifestations. Pluto's 248-year journey around the sun defines the chapters of world history. Many things will change over the coming years and we can expect our relationship with technology to be radically transformed, but probably not in the ways were imagining now. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, Retrogrades into Capricorn on 11 June 2023, Final visit to Capricorn from 1 September 2024, Enters Aquarius to stay from 19 November 2024, Final visit to Aquarius on 31 August 2043, first cooperative workshop set up by tailors in Birmingham, England in 1777, Lavoisier, the father of chemistry, discovered the composition of air in 1778, first hot air balloon flight by the Montgolfier brothers in 1782, John Michell published his theory of black holes in 1784, metric system developed during the French Revolution and formally defined in 1795, workers built and ran a flour mill as a cooperative in Hull, England in 1795, first successful vaccine for smallpox developed in 1796. It may be coming sooner than we think, thanks to hormone-disrupting chemicals that are decimating fertility at an alarming rate around the globe. The magazine is known for: More information: The center was not as it had been imagined, resulting in a radical paradigm shift launching the Scientific Revolution. The ultimate response to this call was the enormous collection of 211 stories we know today as Grimms Complete Fairy Tales. The French Revolution broke out during this cycle from 1789 to 1799, as did the Irish Rebellion against British rule. Its purifying action brings about regeneration through the destruction of outmoded forms with both positive and negative consequences. The last time Pluto was in Aquarius was during the French and American Revolutions, which upended the old power structures of the elite few ruling the many. On March 23, 2023, Pluto moves into Aquarius, where it will stay until it enters Pisces on March 8, 2043. In fairy tales, it can hold unexpected solutions to human problems. 1783: The Treaty of Paris formally ends the American Revolutionary War. 18. If you enjoy this blog and would like to support my work, please consider making a donation. (4). Assassinations of notable figures occurred. I'm expecting it will come to a head. The last time Pluto was in Aquarius was in the 18th century, and we had the American and French Revolutions. And in 325, the Council of Nicaea agreed their version of orthodox Christian doctrine and discarded many of the gospels. During the French Revolution, Pluto retrograde oversaw the toppling of a bloated monarchy, liberating the people. On January 20, 2021, Joe Biden became the oldest sitting president of the United States at age 78. . On March 23, 2023, Pluto moves into Aquarius, where it will stay until it enters Pisces on March 8, 2043. Obviously, technology doesnt have to be used in these unbalanced ways. Orchestras became larger and innovations in the manufacturing of pianos made them more robust so you could really hammer away at them Beethoven loved that! Guarantee! The last time Pluto was in Aquarius was from 1777 to 1797 the establishment of the United States and the French Revolution. Pluto was last in Aquarius between 1778 and 1798 - a tumultuous period in history that saw the industrial revolution, the French revolution, the Enlightenment, and the ratification of the US constitution. It is an archetypal realm populated with animals, darkness, shadows, mystery, wildness, unpredictability. The move then is upward, like waking from a deep, hibernating sleep. English-language astrology magazine in the world today. It is fixed air versus cardinal earth. If Pluto in Capricorn means the transformation of social structures, corporations, authority, and the established hierarchy, then Pluto in Aquarius will bring about the transformation of the rules and social norms that bind society together, as well as our ideas about humanity, and how we use science and technology to manifest those ideas. published by the Mountain Astrologer, 2022/23, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrounded_by_Time, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/26/anthony-hopkins-is-oldest-ever-oscar-winner-after-taking-best-actor-for-the-father, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/26/oscars-2021-winners-the-full-list-academy-awards, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/26/theater/lois-smith-wins-tony-award.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/13/science/william-shatner-space.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/03/opinion/baby-boomers-gen-x-us-politics.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Man_(TV_series), https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Count-Down/Shanna-H-Swan/9781982113674, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/18/toxic-chemicals-health-humanity-erin-brokovich, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/09/theater/tony-awards.html, https://gameofthrones.fandom.com/wiki/Wall, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_(film), https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/antidepressants-market-105017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melencolia_I, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/28/poem-of-the-week-after-great-pain-by-emily-dickinson, https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B00P3PPG56/ref=atv_hm_hom_1_c_lZOsi7_2_1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_of_Kells. Now we are entering a period of human history where a similar cry for freedom and equality will echo . Personality traits Pluto will speak of a hidden will of power that comes to destabilize the political world (Capricorn) by its occult action before taking over . But the Church would soon be on the run because Copernicus published his heliocentric theory of the solar system in Of the Revolution of Celestial Bodies in 1543. The Industrial Revolution was also picking up speed and steam power was revolutionising transport and the textile industry. To begin to answer these questions, it is of note that both Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm, were born with Pluto in Aquarius. That means things wont change unless we change. Mar 23, 2023 at 8:13 AM Pluto enters Aquarius. Pluto will dip its toe into Aquarius in 2023, visiting it from March 23 to June 11 2023. Here are the dates for your diary: Pluto represents the principle of transformation and the evolutionary forces of life and death expressed through the primordial instincts and Kundalini energy. However, the deprogramming of 80% of society is going to be the difficult part. Pluto, planet of transformation and evolution, is shifting signs, moving from pragmatic Capricorn into idealistic Aquarius. Science is important, but science especially as Pluto moves into Aquarius is not the whole story. (3). A breakthrough in some form of free energy would achieve this. And, as a communicative air sign, is almost compelled to pour down from the heavens (the previous 11 zodiac signs) the fruits of its labors regarding wisdom and enlightened experience. However, if you see consciousness as primary and physics as an open system, this gives rise to a radically different worldview and society one free from debt and slavery. The human world is full of human limits and human problems, including aging, fertility, and rulers who become tyrannical. With its focus on reason and rational thought, the Enlightenment began to seriously question the role of religion and the church in society, ultimately aiming to separate church and state and promote ideas of social progress, liberty, tolerance, and equality. While the reality of what Pluto in Aquarius will look like remains to be seen, intimations of its ingress currently percolate in our collective and personal lives via Saturn's presence in Aquarius. It promises to be a challenging and revolutionary time that will turn society upside down. This would mean that instead of using power over to dominate and control, we would shift to power with to empower individuals by working together in networks. In this context, I hear Nobel laureate Toni Morrison saying. Decades of Enlightenment ideals began to merge with centuries of traditional ways of life under the hierarchical structures of power, profoundly challenging the entire system. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrounded_by_Time, Surrounded by Time. It leads to the extraction of resources to run a society based on debt that can never be paid. This sign change will take place in three steps. On 14 July, 1789 they stormed the Bastille, starting the French Revolution. We are, like Tom Jones, surrounded by time, which is to say we are surrounded by Saturn, the ruler of Capricorn. Doesn't exactly give me warm and fuzzies On the other hand, the US wrote up the Constitution. Its our attitude and our thinking that needs to change. I wonder why you describe dark matter as nonsense, though? Fueled by Pluto's passion, they are determined to make it happen come hell or highwater. Whatever happens in the coming years, we can be sure therell be no sudden shift into a liberal and progressive paradise of freedom and equality. And in 2023, Pluto will move from Capricornus into Aquarius, from a no-nonsense, pragmatic, authoritative and superstructure-focused sign, to a rational, innovative, more humanitarian and liberal-equal position . Pluto takes about 248 years to transit the whole zodiac and hes been visiting with Capricorn since 2008. Aquarius is about ideas and knowledge that dare to lean toward idealism. Meanwhile, the French Revolution started in 1789 with the overthrow of the monarchy, the abolition of the feudal system and the declaration of the Rights of Man. The first state-sponsored atheist religion was declared the Cult of Reason in 1794. ABOUT PRESS & MEDIA CONTACT ADVERTISE DISCLAIMER . We have people born with the most variety of Pluto signs, creating complicated dynamics at the deepest levels of the collective psyche. This was the period in history when Uranus, the planet linked to rebellion and revolution, was discovered in 1781. As well as dredging the useless old crap out of the system, Pluto in Aquarius could trigger breakthroughs and new ideas in science. Interestingly, Neptune was also in Aries at the time, and Saturn was opposing Uranus. The deprogramming will probably involve massive disillusionment and it wont be pretty. (Note: walls.) Scorpio Queen Marie Antoinette All facts of the French Revolution found in this section come from this series of lectures. The Sun at the center! Pluto was in Aquarius in 795 819 when Alcuin, an English theologian, founded a university under Charlemagne for the study of the liberal arts, helping to spread knowledge and learning that would create the Carolingian renaissance in art, music and architecture. 3411 of 9474 (Kindle e-book). However, we still have slavery today. Blessed love.#1804 #Ayiti #ToutMounseMoun #HousingfortheHomelessNow #AbolishCPS #DefundFosterCare #ProChoice. If science is the STEM, fairy tales are the roots, the archetypal roots. I love William Blake, a Sagittarius Sun-Jupiter-Pluto, with Saturn in Aquarius, and Mars-Neptune-North Node in Leo. That would mean no babies. 1788: First French Quaker community established in Congnies new communities set-up. Innovations of the time include block printing in Europe, imported from China, and the invention of spectacles in 1290. They also move us through the winter season in the Northern hemisphere, beginning with Capricorn initiating the winter solstice, the deepest, darkest, longest night of the year, following the Suns long descent to its lowest point. The direction for the psyche, and the direction for Pluto, is down, down, down, into the Underworld. Next time well explore Neptune in Aries, Images: Boudicca; Whitby; Bastille; Goggles; Lightning, Thanks for reading! When Pluto enters Aquarius we can expect the desire for reform and revolution to grow, especially in the areas of science and technology and how society is organised. . This will be its first time since the passing of the 18 th century. Sep 1, 2024 at 8:10 PM Pluto Rx enters . Dr. Desan poses perhaps the most significant question to be asked at such a moment in history, a question most pertinent to Plutos time in Aquarius: How do you wrench the modern out of the old? Astrologer Chani Nicholas says that big changes are coming in 2023: "The last time Pluto was in Aquarius was during the French Revolution." wsj.com This Oprah-Approved Astrologer Has Some Advice for Your 2023 Jupiter Saturn air cycle similar to now, The Age of Aquarius: History and Misconceptions, The Age of Aquarius: its Meaning and Possibilities. Saturn represents the governmental structures that hold society together. Visit Shawn's website at www.imagineastrology.com. WHEN: Pluto will pay a brief visit to Aquarius from March 23, 2023 until June 11, 2023. Hi Jessica, thanks for the good read! The last time Pluto was in Aquarius, there was the French Revolution. 17811785: Serfdom is abolished in the Austrian monarchy (first step; second step in 1848). It will then ingress back into Capricorn in June 2023 for a final hurrah of a few months before finally moving into Aquarius on 24th January 2024, where it will remain for another 20 years. Battlestar Galactica: Part 1 Are You Alive? And in Rome, Pope Paul III established another Inquisition in 1542 to deal with the rising tide of Protestantism. Problems in the human world are rarely, if ever, solved in the human world alone. But they wont give up their power easily. When planets move through Aquarius, the focus turns to the edges. The last time Pluto was in Aquarius was the time of the French Revolution and within a year of the American Revolution, April 1777 to December 1798. On April 23, 2021, at age 80, Sir Tom Jones released his 41st album, On April 25, 2021, at the 94th Academy Awards, Sir Anthony Hopkins, at age 83, became the oldest actor to win Best Actor for his role in, At that same ceremony, the Best Picture was awarded to, On July 19, 2021, director M. Night Shyamalan released his 14th film, simply called, On September 26, 2021, at the 74th annual Tony Awards, Lois Smith became the oldest person to win a Tony Award for acting when she was awarded Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play, at age 90, for her role in, On October 13, 2021, also at the age of 90, William Shatner became the oldest person to fly into space. The point may not be to strengthen the existing center, but rather in Plutos preferred style to descend, to go deeper and deeper and deeper inside. During this period, French citizens. The US Constitution was established in 1787, followed by the Bill of Rights in 1789. All of this is to maintain totalitarian control. 'Equality, Liberty and Fraternity' was the Aquarian catch cry of the day. AstroWiki November 19, 2024 - March 8, 2043. Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. For all the oppression that we may experience up until this point, we can be sure that this will be a period of revolution and uprising. The revolutionaries wanted to remake society from the ground up in the name of equality. We need to stop handing our power over to people who dont deserve it and corrupt everything they touch. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In stark contrast to Saturn, Pluto is the lord of the Underworld, ruling over the invisible depths of our lives and the world around us. Most people have some sort of ad-blocker installed. In Russia, Catherine the Great came to the throne in 1762 during Pluto in Capricorn, and reigned until 1796. While the Declaration of Independence was born in the late degrees of Pluto in Capricorn, it's important to note that the US colonists continued to war with the British through the early years of Pluto's journey into Aquarius. Perhaps like Toni Morrison (born with the Sun in Aquarius) who, after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature, was asked about her success in writing literary fiction for and about a widely marginalized culture in the US. Pluto enters Aquarius in March 2023 for the first time since his 1778-1798 soujourn brought with it sweeping changes in social order and individual freedoms, including: the ratification of the American constitution, the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, the Enlightenment, the publishing of The Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollestonecroft Atop the hierarchy was the king, the centerpiece of the kingdom, sitting on his throne, holding absolute power invested in him by God, monarch (one who rules alone) by divine design, shining like the Sun. When Pluto becomes confined to the spirit of the times, power dynamics ensue. I stood at the border stood at the edge and claimed it as central. Though monarchies have been disbanded or severely reduced in power, the revolution that began in the 1700s is incomplete because new power structures have taken their place, continuing . Why talk about fairy tales in an article about Pluto in Aquarius? Underneath the aristocracy and the clergy were the common people, mostly peasants living in poverty and paying more taxes than anyone else, making up 98% of society. In 1041 1063 Pluto was in Aquarius along with Neptune in Aries. John Moriarty, Dreamtime, The Lilliput Press, 1994, p. 97. As for the other 20%, we had better get ready for history to repeat itself. 22. . Together, the signs Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces represent the watery part of the sky: Capricorn the mer-goat, Aquarius the water-carrier, and Pisces the fish. Plutos shift from Capricorn into Aquarius is a massive archetypal shift that may or may not be felt immediately. I hope you enjoy your visit! This is when we'll get an inkling of the kinds of changes to come (watch the news for Pluto in Aquarius themes). See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_(film), Old (film). Star Sign Style - Astrology Fashion And Beauty For The Zodiac With Celebrity Star Signs, Copyright StarSignStyle.com, do not repost without permission. Storming of the bastille: Jean-Pierre Houl: The Storming of the Bastille, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons After about 15 years in Capricorn, Pluto's gradual transition into Aquarius begins in 2023. Pluto will transit Aquarius from 2023 to 2044, spending about 18 and a half years there in total, with a few dips in and out at either end. I started writing about the Dark Side of Innovation & the Internet in 2015. Pluto in Aquarius 2023 to 2044. Over the course of the first five years of the revolution, French society and its long, traditional history were pulled up by the archetypal roots. cadre consists of two astrological lexica. About The Mountain Astrologer Thanks for a great post as always! We assume certain developments are inevitable, a sign of progress, without ever considering whether theyre necessary. In all, Pluto will spend between 19 and 20 years in the sign. Given that the tub of water was like an ocean compared to the size and scope of the fishbowl, the fish preferred the habit of its familiar territory with its accustomed boundaries. He is a tutor for MISPA (Mercury Internet School of Psychological Astrology) and has been a speaker at the AA, NCGR, UAC, SOTA, and NORWAC conferences, as well as the Minnesota Jung Association. Pluto represents two things: an era and a generation. Similarly, Pluto spends around 31 years in Aries, yet only 13 years in the opposite sign, Libra. As with all air signs, Aquarius can be cooler and less emotional in its expression but, heated up by Plutos intensity, may have more warmth. However, if we begin from the perspective of the winter solstice as they did in ancient Mesopotamia Aquarius is the second sign, following Capricorn. Again, this is Pluto in Aquarius to a T - a very real 'power of the people'. When Neptune moved through Leo in the 1920s, the Golden Age of Hollywood lit up the silver screen with movies centered around their celebrities, their stars. Other notable writings include Machiavellis The Prince, about how to get away with unethical practices when wielding power, published in 1532. 17911795: George Vancouver explores the world during the Vancouver Expedition voyage of exploration, made contact with five continents, discovering humanities.